Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I Book B.Pharm 2nd Semester

Syllabus

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry – I

Course Code: BP202T General methods of preparation and reactions of compounds superscripted with                                                              asterisk (*) to be explained. To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/ mechanisms, applications, examples and differences.

Unit-I (7 Hours)  Classification, Nomenclature and Isomerism: Classification of Organic Compounds,                                             Common   and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic compounds (up to 10 Carbons open chain and carbocyclic compounds) Structural isomerisms in organic compounds.

Unit-II (10 Hours)

Alkanes*, Alkenes* and Conjugated Dienes*

SP³ hybridisation in alkanes, Halogenation of alkanes, uses of paraffins. Stabilities of alkenes, SP² hybridisation in alkenes, 

E₁ and E₂ Reactions: Kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, rearrangement of carbocations, Saytzeffs orientation and evidences. E₁ verses E₂ reactions, Factors affecting E₁ and E₂ reactions. Ozonolysis, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes, Markownikoff’s orientation, free radical addition reactions of alkenes, Anti Markownikoff’s orientation. Stability of conjugated dienes, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical addition reactions of conjugated dienes, allylic rearrangement.

Unit-III (10 Hours)

Alkyl Halides*: S_N1 and S_N2 reactions - kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry and rearrangement of carbocations. S_N1 versus S_N2 reactions, Factors affecting S_N1 and S_N2 reactions. Structure and uses of ethylchloride, Chloroform, Trichloroethylene, Tetrachloroethylene, Dichloromethane, Tetrachloromethane and Iodoform.

Alcohols*: Qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Ethyl alcohol, Methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene glycol.

Unit-IV (10 Hours)

Carbonyl Compounds* (Aldehydes and Ketones): Nucleophilic addition, Electromeric effect, Aldol Condensation, Crossed Aldol Condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Crossed Cannizzaro reaction, Benzoin Condensation, Perkin Condensation, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone, Chloral hydrate, Hexamine, Benzaldehyde, Vanilin and Cinnamaldehyde.

Unit-V (8 Hours)

Carboxylic Acids*: Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect and qualitative tests for carboxylic acids ,amide and ester, Structure and Uses of Acetic acid, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid. Oxalic acid, Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid, Benzyl benzoate, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl salicylate and Acetyl salicylic acid.

Aliphatic Amines*:  Basicity, effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative test, Structure and uses of Ethanolamine, Ethylenediamine, and Amphetamine.

Practical (4 Hours)

Systematic qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds like

1. Preliminary test: Color, odour, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, saturation and unsaturation, etc.

i. Detection of elements like Nitrogen, Sulphur and Halogen by Lassaigne’s test

ii. Solubility test

iii. Functional group test like Phenols, Amides/ Urea, Carbohydrates, Amines, Carboxylic acids, Aldehydes and Ketones, Alcohols, Esters, Aromatic and Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Nitro compounds and Anilides.

iv. Melting point/Boiling point of organic compounds

v. Identification of the unknown compound from the literature using melting point/ boiling point.

vi. Preparation of the derivatives and confirmation of the unknown compound bymelting point/ boiling point.

vii. Minimum 5 unknown organic compounds to be analysed systematically.

2. Preparation of suitable solid derivatives from organic compounds

3. Construction of molecular models