Advanced Organic Chemistry-II (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) M.Pharm Second Semester

Syllabus

MPC 202T

Advanced Organic Chemistry – II

Theory                                                                                          (60 Hours)

Unit-1                                                                                                                                  (12 hours)

Green Chemistry:   

a)       Introduction, principles of green chemistry.

b)       Microwave Assisted Reactions: Merit and demerits of its use, increased reaction rates, mechanism, superheating effects of microwave, effects of solvents in microwave assisted synthesis, microwave technology in process optimization, its applications in various organic reactions and heterocycles synthesis.

c)       Ultrasound Assisted Reactions: Types of sonochemical reactions, homogenous, heterogeneous liquid-liquid and liquid-solid reactions, synthetic applications

d)       Continuous Flow Reactors: Working principle, advantages and synthetic applications.

Unit-2                                                                                                                                 (12 hours)

Chemistry of Peptides:

a)       Coupling reactions in peptide synthesis.

b)       Principles of Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, T-BOC and FMOC Protocols, various Solid Supports and Linkers: Activation procedures, peptide bond formation, deprotection and cleavage from resin, low and high HF cleavage protocols, formation of free peptides and peptide amides, purification and case studies, site-specific chemical modifications of peptides.

c)       Segment and sequential strategies for solution phase peptide synthesis with any two case studies.

d)       Side Reactions in Peptide Synthesis: Deletion peptides, side reactions initiated by proton abstraction, protonation, over activation and side reactions of individual amino acids.

Unit-3                                                                                                                                 (12 hours)

Photochemical Reactions: Basic principles of photochemical reactions. Photo-oxidation, photo-addition and photo-fragmentation.

Pericyclic Reactions: Mechanism, Types of pericyclic reactions such as cyclo addition, electrocyclic reaction and sigmatrophic rearrangement reactions with examples:

Unit-4                                                                                                                                 (12 hours)

Catalysis:

a)       Types of catalysis, heterogeneous and homogenous catalysis, advantages and disadvantages.

b)       Heterogeneous Catalysis: Preparation, characterization, kinetics, supported catalysts, catalyst deactivation and regeneration, some examples of heterogeneous catalysis used in synthesis of drugs.

c)       Homogenous catalysis, hydrogenation, hydroformylation, hydrocyanation, Wilkinson catalysts, chiral ligands and chiral induction, Ziegler‐Natta catalysts, some examples of homogenous catalysis used in synthesis of drugs.

d)       Transition-Metal and Organo-catalysis in Organic Synthesis: Metal-catalyzed reactions.

e)       Biocatalysis: Use of enzymes in organic synthesis, immobilized enzymes/cells in organic reaction.

f)        Phase Transfer Catalysis: Theory and applications.

Unit-5                                                                                                                                  (12 hours)

Stereochemistry & Asymmetric Synthesis:  

a)       Basic Concepts in Stereochemistry: optical activity, specific rotation, racemates and resolution of racemates, the Cahn, Ingold, Prelog (CIP) sequence rule, meso compounds, pseudo asymmetric centres, axes of symmetry, Fischers D and L notation, cis-trans isomerism, E and Z notation.

b)       Methods of asymmetric synthesis using chiral pool, chiral auxiliaries and catalytic asymmetric synthesis, enantiopure separation and Stereo selective synthesis with examples.